Process of and apparatus for curling hair



A. PAUSSER. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS'FOR CURLING HAIR. APPL|\CAT|0ILFILED JULY 20, I916. RENEWED OCT. 14, 1919.

1,340,738. Pawnmma 18,1920.

7 $720M flE/V/IL/D PA 4/5557 I A. PAUSSERL PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR VCURLING HAIR. APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, I916. RENEWED on: 14. 1919.

2 SHEElS-SHEET 2.

M'- 2lfi/YAg/0 PAUSSEB Q] 7128 Patented May 18 UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIcE.

ARNAUD PAUSE-ER, 0F PHILADELZPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

i PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CURLING HAIR.

Application filed July 20, 1916, Seriai No. 110,336. Renewed October 14, 1919.

T0 all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, ARivAUD PAUSSER, a citizen of the Republic of France, (having declared my intention of becoming a citizen of the United States,) and a resident of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented Improved Processes of and Apparatus for Curling Hair, specification.

My invention relates to means for curling or crimping human hair upon the head; andthe object of my invention is to provide a device applicable to the head so that living strands of hair may be curled or crimped close against the scalp in a highly eflicient and satisfactory manner, and without danger of injury to the individual undergoing such hair curling treatment, and without damage to the hair.

As is well known, human hair will soften under the application of hot water, and if the hair is placed in a position to curl or crimp the same when in such softened condition, and held until dry, such curled or crimped effect will be retained for a very great length of time. The important feature of my invention, therefore, is the provision of means whereby the hair or strands of the same may be curled or crimped and subjected to a hot water treatment whereby such strands, or the individual hairs thereof. are softened while in a crimped or curled position and then held Euntil dry in order that they may take a permanent set.

In addition toproviding means for softening the hair, the apparatus which I have devised may be employed to dry the strands of hair in the crimped' or curled position after they have been subjected to the softening treatment.

.These and other features of my invention are more fully described hereinafter, reference being had to the accompanying drawin s, in which:

*igure 1, is an elevation of a complete hair curling apparatus having and containing the features or details constituting the subject of my invention.

Fig. 2, is a sectional view of the heating apparatus.

Fig. 3, is a perspective view of parts of the structure detached' l Fig. 4., is a perspective view of certain of said parts in a different position.

Fig. 5, is'a sectional view illustrating a detail of my invention.

Specification of Letters Patent.

of which the following 1s a carried by a Serial No. 330,669.

Former methods of curling hair upon the head have usually included the use of chemical means for softening the hair. Chemicals, however, have a most injurious efiect upon the hair; rendering it brittle and in time causing it to fall out. By the use of the improved process and structure constituting my'invention, the hair is treated with hot water and then dried; and no harmful effect results from such treatment.

In the drawings, 1 represents a heating device arranged to receive a strand of hair, which heating device is constructed substantially as follows: A shell 2 is provided made of metal, soft iron for instance, or steel, and having terminals 3 and 4 for electric wire connections 3 and 4 from a suitable source of current; such wire connections passing through a controlling switch 5. The shell of this structure is preferably wrapped with a covering 6 of asbestos or similar non-conducting material whereby the operator may be protected from burning on the one hand, or accidental short circuiting of the electrical current on the other hand.

The shell 2 is adapted to receive a rod or stem 7 upon which a strand of hair is wound for curling or crimping; such rod being pair of rotatively movable disks 8 and 9. These disks are slotted or apertured at 8 and 9*, respectively, for the passage of a strand of hair, and such slots, which register, may be provided with end walls 10, which may be struck up from said disks, to grip such strand. A suitable washerll is interposed between the disks to prevent leakage.

After the strand of hair has been curled. or twisted around the rod 7, the end is tied and then I thoroughly wet the same by a suitable application of water, which may be warm or hot if desired, and to which may be added a small amount of borax, not exceeding 10 per cent. The hair is thoroughly wetted, and after this operation, I wrap the twisted strand in a wet cloth 7, preferably one made of wool, which cloth is suitably secured'to the rod 7 so that it will be retained around the strand when the shell'2 is set in place. I

After this has been done, the shell 2 is placed over the rod 7 carrying the twisted strand, and then an upper pair of disk plates 12 and 13 are placed on the rod and clamped Patented May 18, 1920.

. strand of hair in case it is long, and they the: set desired. 1 At the end at the desired are movable so as to grip the end of the hair if necessary in the same manner as the disks 8 and 9. A washer 15 is preferably interposed between the same to insure a relatively steam tight connection.

The hair and the flannel cloth will carry,

sufficient water or moisture which, under the influence of heat, will eflect a thorough steaming of the hair. This heating action may be continued for a period of twelve to fifteen minutes; at which time substantially all of the moisture originally supplied to the hair and the cloth wrapping will have evaporated. Further evaporation may be effected by. opening the slots in the disks formingthe cap of the shell, or entirely removing the disks, so as to effect a substantial drying of the hair and the cloth inclosing the same, and complete drying may be effected by removing the cloth and leaving the twisted strand in the heating shell. When it is substantially dry, the cloth having previously been removed, the hair may be unwound from the rod 7, and it will be found to possess a permanent twist or curl.

In the operation of my improved process, a suitable protective pad. 20 is first placed upon the head; such pad having an aperture 21 through which a strand of hair is passed. This strand is then passed through the registering apertures of the disks 8 and 9, referred to, and by impartingrotative movement to said disks with respect to each other, the apertures in the same are substan tially closed; bringing their end walls against the strands of hair so as to insure a substantially steam-tight joint. The lower disk is provided with a threaded stem 8 adapted to receive the rod 7 around which the hair. is wound, and when this rod is set in place,'it clamps the gasket 11 disposed between the disks tightly against the roots of the hairs constituting the strand.

Then the hair is wound around the stem, tied in place, wetted, and the woolen cloth, also thoroughly wet, is tightlywrapped or wound around the strand of hair. Then the shell is placed over the covered strand, after which the disks 12 and 13 forming the cap for theshell2 are set in place; the same passing over the rod upon which the hair is wound, and the hair passing out through the registering apertures in said'disks, if it is long enough. These disks are clamped to the shell by the means described, and the current is then turnedon, heating the wet hair and the cloth around the same.

The heat is raised to a substantial boiling" temperature for ten; or fiitteen" minutes, thereby softening the hairso that it can take heating operation, the uppercap' or closure may be opened or removed, and the hair allowed to dry while still wound on the rod. Th1s drying may be without heat, or it may be assisted by heat developed within the I shell electrica By preference, the rods 7 employed, are of the shape shown in Fig. 5 being smaller at the lower portion of the same so that'the hair, which is thicker at the roots, can be more readily accommodated.

In the use of my invention, it is necessary cent the ceiling, and provided with counterweights so that the heating shells will be properly balanced and will not weigh down the head to which they are applied.

This suspending structure may comprise a canopy 25, having a plurality of pulleys 26 from which the heating devices 1 may be suspended,and for this purpose the electric cord may be employed, carrying a counterweight 27. The canopy also may have a central rod or tube 28, in which may be telescopically fitted an extension rod 29, and the latter may carry angular extension rods 30, (only one of which is shown) to which adjustable connections 31 may be secured; the same carrying chucks 32 which may be employed to support the rods 7 while the hair is being wound thereon, each of such rods carrying a pad 20 and the disks 8 and 9 through which the strand of hair is passed. The chucks may be disposed at an desired angle to properly receive the stran s of hair and their use leaves both hands of the operable counterbalancing devices supported I are free to make any desired changes, or any repositioning of such heating devices with, respect to the strands of hair. understood, of course, that a number of the heating devices will be in. use at the same near the ceiling, both hands of the operator It will be 2 time; all of which will be supported by independent counterbalancing means.

It will be understood, of course, that in some instances I may fill the heating shell with water and practically boil the hair. in the same. Such 'water may, if desired, have a small proportion of borax added to it. In such instance, the. shell may be threaded watertightconnection.

with the structure described and illustrated, I

onto the; lower disk structure, to in a it is unnecessary to employ anythingthat will havean injurious e set upon the hair; the whole process of crimping or curling the hair consisting simply in softening it by the application of hot water while wound in acurled or crimped condition upon a suitable rod, the hair being subsequently dried while still wound upon such rod so as to permanently retain the curled condition.

I claim:

1. In apparatus for curling hair, the combination of a shell, means for disposing a strand of crimped or curled hairwithin the same, means for sealing the ends of said shell to render the same leak-proof, means for applying moisture to said strand, and means for heating said moisture while said strand is in the crimped or curled position within the sealed shell.

2. In apparatus for curling hair, the combination of a shell, a rod within the same upon which a strand of hair may be wound, means for confining the strand of hair to the rod, means for sealing the ends of said shell to render the same leak-proof, means for applying moisture directly to said strand, and means for heating said moisture while said strand is in the crimped or curled position within the sealed shell.

3. In apparatus for curling hair, the combination of a metal shell, means for disposing a strand of crimped or curled hair within the same, means for sealing the ends of said shell to render the same leak-proof, means for applying moisture to said strand, and electrical means for heating said moisture while said strand is in the crimped or curled position within the sealed shell, said shell having terminals for utilizing an electric current as the heating means.

4. In apparatus for curling hair, the combination of a. metal shell, a tapered rod Within the same upon Which a strand of hair may be wound in a crimped or curled condition, means for sealing the ends of said shell to render the same leak-proof, means for applying moisture to said shell, and electrical means for heating said moisture while said strand is in the crimped or curled position within the sealed 'shell, said shell having terminals for utilizing an electric current as the heating means.

5. The combination, in a hair curling device, of a closed moisture retaining shell, means for heating such moisture, means for disposing a strand of hair within said shell in a twisted condition, and means for sealing the ends of the shell to render the same leak-proof such sealing means gripping the strand of hair at each end of the shell and forming therewith a moisture-tight joint.

6. The combination, in a hair curling device, of a moisture retaining shell, means for heating such moisture, means for dis posing a strand of hair within said shell in a twisted condition, covering means forv closing each end of said shell against leakage, and means carried by the covers for gripping the strand of hair to preventleakage of the heated moisture.

7. A hair curling device comprising a moisture retainingshell, moisture-tight closures at the ends of the same, a tapered rod secured within said shell and around which astrand of hair may be wound, and means for heating the moisture within said shell.

8. A hair curling device comprising a moisture retaining shell, a rod therein around which a strand of hair isavound, covers for closing the ends of said shell, means for clamping said covers to the ends of said rod to render the shell leak-proof, and means for heating the moisture within said shell.

9. The combination, in a hair curling device, of a shell, a plurality of disk-like members having registering apertures disposed at one end of said shell, said registering apertures being adapted for the passage of a strand of hair, means for locking said disks in such position as to grip the strand and form a moisture-tight joint adjacent the roots of said strand of hair, a rod carried by said disk-like member and substantially centrally disposed with respect to the shell .upon whichj said strand of hair may 'be wound, means for applying moisture to the hair, a cap or closure secured to the upper end of said shell through which said rod passes, and means for heating the moisture within the shell.

10. The combination, in a hair curling device, of a shell, a plurality of disk-like members movable with respect to each other and having registering apertures disposed. 105

at each end of said shell, said members serving to render the latter leak-proof, said registering apertures being adapted for the passage of a strand of hair, means for locking each set of said disks in such position as to grip the strand and form a moisture-tight joint adjacent the roots of said strand of hair, a rod connected tosaid sets of disk like members and substantially centrally disposed with respect to the shell upon which the strand of hair may be wound, said rod passing through the disk-like members of'the upper end of the shell, means for applying and maintaining moisture directly adjacent said strand of hair, and means for heatin the moisture within the shell.

11. he combination, in a hair curling device, of a shell, disk-like members having registering apertures disposed at one end of said shell, said registerin apertures being adapted for the passage 0% a strand of hair, means for locking said disks in such position as to grip the strand and form a moisturetight oint adjacent the roots of the strand of hair, a rod carried by said shell upon which the strand of hair may be wound, means for closing the upper end of said shell, means for heating the moisture within .the shell, and means for supporting said structure above the head whereby strain upon the strand of hair is relieved.

12. The combination,.in a hair curling device, of a closed moisture retaining shell, means for heating such moisture, means for disposing a strand of hair within said shell, means for closing each end of said shell against leakage, said means serving also for gripping the strand of hair at each end of the shell, and means for supporting said structure above the head whereby strain upon the strand of hair is relieved.

13. In apparatus for curling hair, the combination of a closed moisture-retaining shell, means for disposing a strand of crimped or curled hair within the same, means for applying moisture to said strand, means for heating said moisture while said strand is in the crimped or curled position, and means for protecting the head and scalp of the person operated upon.

14. In apparatus for curling hair, the combination of a closed moisture-retaining shell, means for disposing a strand of crimped or curled hair within the same, means for applying moisture to said strand, means for heatlng said moisture while said strand is in the crimped or curled position,

and a protective pad interposed between the shell and the head of the person operated upon.

15. In apparatus for curling hair, the

combination with a closed metal shell having means for disposing a strand of crimped or curled hair within the same, means for applying moisture to said strand, means for sealing each end of the shell to render the same leak-proof, and means for heating said said moisture while said strand is in the crimped or curled position' 17. The combination, in a hair curling device, of a moisture retaining shell, means for disposing a strand of hair within said shell in a twisted condition, means for sealing the ends of said shell around the strand of hair, a moisture containing cloth wrapped around said twisted hair, means for holding the moisture in said shell against leakage, and means for heating said moisture.

18. The process of curling hair on the head of the wearer, which consists in twisting or crimping a strand of the hair, applying moisture to such strand, confining the moisture to the strand within a closed container, and simultaneously heating the same.

19. The process of curling hair on the head of the wearer, which consists in disposing a strand of hair in a twistedor crimped condition, applying moisture ,to such strand, confining such moisture to the strand within a; closed container, simultaneously heating the moisture to substantial evaporation, and subsequently drying the strand of hair while maintaining the same in the twisted or crimped condition.

ARNAUD PAUSSER. 

